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Граматика англійської мови

Читайте опубліковані пояснення англійської граматики, приклади та типові помилки за рівнями CEFR.

Граматика англійської — A1

Дієслово "to be"

Articles

Personal Pronouns

Simple Present

Present Continuous

Greetings

Questions

Plurals

Demonstratives

There is / There are

Have and Have got

Can and Can't

Imperatives

Prepositions of Place

Prepositions of Time

Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Some and Any

How much / How many

Possessive 's and s'

Object Pronouns

Adverbs of Frequency

Conjunctions: and, or, but

Question Words

Much, Many, A lot of

Past Simple: to be

Past Simple: regular verbs

Past Simple: irregular verbs

Going to (future)

Telling the Time

Asking for Directions

Shopping

Ordering Food

Likes and Dislikes

Граматика англійської — A2

Simple Past (in depth)

Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Future with Will

Going to vs Will

Used to

Present Perfect vs Past Simple

Present Continuous for Future

Present Perfect with For and Since

Must and Mustn't

Should and Shouldn't

Have to and Don't have to

Could

May and Might

Comparatives

Superlatives

Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of Manner

Too and Enough

A little and A few

Conjunctions

First Conditional

Relative Clauses

So and Such

Tag Questions

Zero Conditional

Prepositions of Movement

Much, Many, A lot of

Compound Pronouns

Both, Either, Neither

Possessive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns

There was / There were

Articles: Using The

Gerunds and Infinitives

Verb + Preposition

Phrasal Verbs

Passive Voice

Reported Speech

Expressing Opinions

Making Arrangements

Complaining and Apologizing

Giving Instructions

Telling Stories

Граматика англійської — B1

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Present Tenses for Future

Narrative Tenses

Used to vs Would

Second Conditional

Third Conditional

Mixed Conditionals

Wish + Past Simple

Wish + Past Perfect

Passive: Present and Past

Passive: Perfect and Future

Passive with Modals

Have Something Done

Modals of Deduction: Present

Modals of Deduction: Past

Should Have / Could Have

Need and Needn't

Defining Relative Clauses

Non-defining Relative Clauses

Reported Speech: Statements

Reported Speech: Questions and Commands

Purpose Clauses

Result Clauses

Indirect Questions

Contrast Connectors

Reason and Result

Addition and Example

Time Connectors

Participle Clauses

Expressing and Justifying Opinions

Agreeing and Disagreeing

Persuading and Negotiating

Narrating and Describing Events

Formal vs Informal Register

Gerunds vs Infinitives: Change of Meaning

Phrasal Verbs: Separable vs Inseparable

Make, Let, and Help

Квантифікатори: All, Every, Each, No

Articles: Special Cases

As...as Comparisons

Граматика англійської — B2

Future Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

Future in the Past

Stative vs Dynamic Verbs

Mixed Tenses in Narrative

Alternatives to If

Wish and If Only + Would

Unreal Past: It's Time, I'd Rather

Formal Conditionals: Were to, Should

Implied Conditionals

Impersonal Passive

Passive with Reporting Verbs

Advanced Causative

Active vs Passive Choice

Degrees of Certainty

Be Supposed To / Be Meant To

Be Likely To / Be Bound To / Be Due To

Modal Perfects in Context

Cleft Sentences

Inversion after Negative Adverbials

Emphasis with Do, Does, Did

Advanced Participle Clauses

Noun Clauses

Concession and Contrast

Complex Cause and Effect

Hedging Language

Formal Connectors

Substitution and Ellipsis

Presenting Arguments

Speculating and Hypothesising

Evaluating and Critiquing

Formal Register and Tone

Cohesion in Extended Writing

Граматика англійської — C1

Mixed Conditionals

Conditional with Continuous and Perfect Forms

Advanced Wish Structures

Omitting If: Inversion and Ellipsis

Conditionals with Modals and Semi-modals

Reduced Relative Clauses

Non-restrictive Clauses with Which

Adverbial Clauses of Concession and Purpose

Complex Complementation

Comparative Clauses

Inversion after So, Such, Neither, Nor

Fronting and Preposing

Existential and Locative Inversion

End-weight and End-focus

Nominalisation

Complex Pre- and Post-modification

Advanced Determiners and Quantifiers

Apposition

Mandative Subjunctive

Formulaic Subjunctive

Advanced Reported Speech

Formal It-patterns

Advanced Hedging and Boosting

Distancing Language

Attitude Markers and Comment Adverbials

Vague Language and Approximation

Thematic Progression

Advanced Discourse Markers

Given vs New Information

Advanced Punctuation for Meaning

Reformulation and Clarification

Граматика англійської — C2

Register Shifting and Code-Switching

Marked and Unmarked Word Order

Grammatical Metaphor

Archaisms and Formal Residues

Colloquial Grammar in Sophisticated Use

Parallelism and Antithesis

Tricolon and Climax

Anacoluthon and Deliberate Disruption

Periodic and Loose Sentences

Zeugma and Syllepsis

Clausal Ellipsis

Sluicing and Fragment Answers

Substitution with So, Do, One, Not

Gapping and Stripping

Epistemic vs Deontic vs Dynamic Modality

Evidentiality Strategies in English

Modal Remoteness and Hypotheticality

Modality in Retrospect: Should Have, Could Have, Might Have

Garden Path Sentences and Ambiguity Resolution

Heavy NP Shift and Extraposition

Multiple Embedding and Centre-Embedding

Pseudo-clefts and Reverse Pseudo-clefts

Conversational Implicature

Irony, Sarcasm, and Understatement

Indirect Speech Acts

Politeness Strategies and Face Theory

Presupposition and Accommodation

Authorial Voice and Stance

Concession-Counterclaim Structures

Precision in Academic Quantification

Cohesive Chains and Lexical Cohesion

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