Gapping and Stripping

Gapping avoids repeating a predicate in a parallel clause: The senior vet treats the farm animals, and the junior vet the household pets. The remaining phrases show which participants and objects are being contrasted. Learn to recover the intended action while preserving roles, number, prepositions, and contrast; repeating the full predicate always remains an alternative.

Published October 3, 2026

Gapping: omitting the verb in coordinated clauses

1. A gap where the verb would be—and what it is not

When two coordinated clauses share the same predicate, English allows it to be omitted in the second. No word replaces the verb in the second conjunct: there is a genuine gap, and the reader recovers the meaning from the first clause. This is why the construction is called gapping.

In basic gapping, the predicate is unspoken, while contrasting remnants show the links to the first clause. Other ways of avoiding repetition work differently: does too retains the auxiliary does and omits a verb phrase; does so uses so. The presence of an auxiliary does not mean there is no ellipsis at all.

In the pattern, ⌀ represents unspoken material, and the subscripts ₁ and ₂ distinguish the parts of the sentence. These are analytical labels, not symbols to write in ordinary text.

How to build it

Subject₁ + predicate + remnant₁, and Subject₂ + ⌀ + remnant₂

The senior vet treats the farm animals, and the junior vet the household pets.

There is no word between the junior vet and the household pets: treats is recovered from the first clause.

The senior vet treats the farm animals, and the junior vet does too.

This is a different type of ellipsis: does remains, while treat the farm animals is not repeated. It does not contrast two pairs of remnants as basic gapping does.

The evening steward locks the courtyard gate, and the caretaker the boiler room.

The two remnants, the caretaker and the boiler room, support a clause with no verb at all.

2. Two remnants and the need for contrast

The gap is interpretable when at least two independent remnants remain in the second conjunct and each has a counterpart in the first clause: subject with subject, object with object, adverbial with adverbial. These pairings guide the reader because there is no verb to signal the structure.

Contrast is the other essential ingredient. If the remnants do not contrast—for example, they name the same agent and the same object—there is no useful contrast for gapping to express. The construction therefore fits descriptions of divided work, comparisons between periods, and allocations of routes or responsibilities. A remnant without a counterpart in the first clause disrupts the sentence, as does a lack of contrast.

Marta filed the permits in the morning, and Yurii the receipts in the afternoon.

There are three remnants, each with a counterpart: Yurii ↔ Marta, the receipts ↔ the permits, in the afternoon ↔ in the morning.

In the 1990s the city exported textiles, and in the 2010s software.

A remnant can begin with an adverbial if the first clause contains a corresponding adverbial.

The audit team reviews the annual accounts, and the tax team the quarterly returns.

Different teams and different documents: the contrast makes the gap interpretable.

3. Coordination: what licenses the gap

The typical teaching model of gapping joins parallel clauses with and, but, or, or without a conjunction. Do not transfer this model automatically to clauses introduced by because or although: these relationships have different restrictions. Retain the necessary predicate for a reliable, complete subordinate clause; more complex cases require separate analysis.

Replacing although with and may make the parallel pattern more transparent, but it changes the logical relationship. If you need a concessive meaning, repeating the predicate is preferable. Direct questions can also contain ellipsis; do not infer a general ban simply because a sentence is a question.

The ministry funds the clinics, and the county the ambulances.

And joins two coordinated clauses, licensing the gap.

Either the warehouse handles the bulk orders, or the shop the single items.

Either… or also coordinates clauses, so the construction works here too.

The foundation lends the sketchbooks; the trust, the correspondence.

The semicolon joins clauses without a conjunction; this is also coordination.

4. What disappears: the whole predicate, but not the preposition

In this lesson's simple patterns, the entire verb sequence have been scanning or will scan can be unspoken. This is not a rule that any verb in a remnant is forbidden: other types of ellipsis and more complex examples of gapping may have different structures. The words that remain must form a grammatical construction.

A preposition, particle, or any other element belonging to a remnant stays in its place. In Sofiia applied for the scholarship, and Roman for the internship, only applied disappears: for is part of the second remnant and precedes its noun phrase, just as in the first clause.

How to build it

(modal + auxiliaries + verb) → ⌀; prepositions and adverbials belonging to remnants → remain

verb / V: A word for an action or state, such as work or be. The pattern determines its form.
modal: A modal verb expresses meanings such as ability, possibility or necessity: can, may, must.

The archivists have been scanning the parish registers, and the volunteers the census returns.

The whole sequence have been scanning disappears, not just the lexical verb scanning.

Sofiia applied for the scholarship, and Roman for the internship.

The preposition for survives the omission: it belongs to the second remnant.

The archive will scan the maps, and the library the pamphlets.

The modal will disappears with the verb: the second conjunct is understood as will scan.

5. The full predicate comes first; agreement follows the new subject

In the standard English gapping pattern, the full predicate appears in the first part and the gap in a later one. Follow this arrangement in basic examples. Other kinds of ellipsis may refer forward, so this is not a general property of all unspoken words.

What is recovered is the lexical verb, not literally the same inflected form. If the subjects differ in number, the reader automatically makes the predicate agree with the new subject: Our editor proofreads the articles, and the two interns the photo captions is understood as the two interns proofread, without -s.

The sculptor polishes the marble, and the apprentice the bronze.

The full verb is in the first clause; that is where the reader finds the predicate for the second.

Our editor proofreads the articles, and the two interns the photo captions.

The recovered form is plural proofread: the verb is carried over, not its -s form.

The site manager was inspecting the scaffolding, and the safety officers the fire exits.

The second conjunct is understood as were inspecting because the subject's number has changed.

6. Punctuation: a comma marking the missing predicate

With a conjunction, and or but makes the boundary between the clauses visible. A comma before it often helps, especially in a longer sentence. A comma in the position of the omitted predicate can make reading easier, but its use depends on clarity and editorial style.

MLA style recommends a comma for the omitted predicate after a semicolon: Half the class chose Spanish; the rest, German. This is a useful explicit pattern for writing. Do not present a particular punctuation convention as a universal syntactic requirement for gapping.

How to build it

…, and Subject₂ + remnant. | …; Subject₂, remnant.

The bakery supplies the loaves, and the dairy the butter.

With the conjunction, an additional comma after the dairy is unnecessary.

Half the class chose Spanish; the rest, German.

The comma marks the omitted chose and follows the MLA pattern. It helps the reader identify the two remnants.

The Lviv branch opened in 2019; the Odesa branch, in 2022.

The same pattern in a business text: a semicolon between clauses and a comma where the predicate is omitted.

7. A sequence of three or more conjuncts

Gapping is not limited to two clauses. In a sequence of three or more conjuncts, the predicate can appear only in the first, while the others consist of pairs of remnants. Punctuate this as an ordinary list, with commas between conjuncts and and before the last.

This pattern is useful for allocating actions among people or groups. Each part must retain clear, comparable remnants; identical numbers of words or details are not the goal. Do not remove an important qualification merely to make the parts equally long.

Ruslan handles the interviews, Alina the transcripts, and Vitalii the final edit.

Handles combines naturally with each type of work. The first clause is complete, followed by two pairs of remnants.

The orchestra performs the first half, the choir the second half, and the soloists the finale.

Each conjunct has exactly two remnants: a performer and a part of the programme.

8. Register: when economy helps and when it gets in the way

Gapping is common in concise writing and is possible in speech when the comparison is transparent. The sentence itself can establish the participants and their contrast; an earlier utterance does not have to name them all. Long remnants may make a sentence harder to follow when listening.

Brevity is useful as long as the remnants remain clear. If several pairings are possible or the remnants are too long, a full predicate is easier to read than a gap. Avoid using gapping in every sentence of a paragraph: it can quickly become a mannerism rather than serving the meaning.

Volunteers managed the entrances, and the security team the stage area.

A concise line for a report: both areas of responsibility are visible in a single sentence.

Volunteers managed the entrances, and the security team managed the stage area.

Repeating managed makes the connection explicit and may help listeners. Both versions are possible; context and intonation also support understanding.

Common mistakes

Incorrect:Although the day team handles the calls, the night team the emails.

Correct:Although the day team handles the calls, the night team handles the emails.

Repeating the predicate provides a clear, complete main clause after the although-clause and preserves the concessive relationship. Replacing although with and would change the original message's logic.

Incorrect:The auditors the spreadsheets, and the analysts checked the models.

Correct:The auditors checked the spreadsheets, and the analysts the models.

In this gapping pattern, the gap cannot precede its source: the full verb must be in the first conjunct so the reader can recover the missing predicate.

Incorrect:Half the group chose the walking tour; the rest choosing the bus tour.

Correct:Half the group chose the walking tour; the rest, the bus tour.

Choosing alone cannot form the finite predicate of the second part. Use the full the rest chose or the gapping construction the rest, the bus tour; the comma in the latter helps the reader interpret the omission.

Incorrect:The technicians have been testing the alarms, and the electricians been the wiring.

Correct:The technicians have been testing the alarms, and the electricians the wiring.

Been without have and the required continuation does not form a grammatical verb sequence. The suggested gapping construction removes the whole of have been testing; the full the electricians have been testing the wiring is also possible.

Incorrect:Sofiia applied for the scholarship, and Roman the internship for.

Correct:Sofiia applied for the scholarship, and Roman for the internship.

The preposition belongs to the remnant rather than the omitted predicate. It stays in its normal position before the noun phrase instead of moving to the end.

Incorrect:The publisher prints the atlases, and does the printer the maps.

Correct:The publisher prints the atlases, and the printer the maps.

Neither the auxiliary does nor inversion is introduced in the second conjunct: there should be a gap, not a substituted verbal element.

Sources

Stripping: reducing a clause to one remnant

1. One remnant, and nothing more

In typical stripping, the second part has one main remnant, while shared content is not repeated. The remnant can be a phrase rather than a single word. What we recover is meaning, not a literal copy: number and person can change.

The pattern is simple: a full clause, a coordinating conjunction, one remnant and a polarity marker. The remnant is the single element contrasting with a corresponding part of the first clause: another agent, object or place. The shared content is not spoken again.

The basic patterns need sufficient context and a clear correspondence between the remnant and the preceding clause. Not every recoverable nuance has to have been stated word for word.

How to build it

Full clause + and/but + [not] remnant [too / as well]

clause: A construction with a verb, often with its own subject: when I arrived. A non-finite clause may leave the subject unspoken: to get home.

Ivan restores antique clocks, and his sister too.

Only his sister remains from the second clause; restores antique clocks is fully recovered from the first clause.

The grant covers travel costs, but not accommodation.

The remnant is accommodation; even the negative auxiliary is absent because not stands directly before the remnant.

The museum reopened on Monday, and the archive as well.

The marker as well is equivalent to too; the remnant the archive functions as the subject of the recovered clause.

2. Particles help interpret the short part

Stripping is often accompanied by too, as well, also or not. These make addition or contrast clear. However, a particle alone is not a universal test: a short phrase can also be analysed as a coordinated constituent or another kind of fragment, depending on context.

In simple patterns, too and as well usually follow the remnant, while not precedes it. These are clear, useful forms for practice; their order should not be extended to every other particle.

Also can accompany a remnant too: and also his wife, and his wife also. Its position and naturalness depend on rhythm and context. And the orchestra also is therefore not automatically a grammatical error.

Petro speaks Georgian, and his wife too.

Too follows the remnant; it cannot be moved before his wife in this pattern.

The recipe needs butter, but not cream.

Not precedes the remnant; in a full clause it would follow an auxiliary: but it does not need cream.

The reading room stays open until nine, and the café as well.

As well performs the same function as too and likewise comes last, after the remnant.

3. How many remnants remain? The boundary with gapping

A related construction in the same topic is gapping. The basic distinction can be checked quickly: count how many components remain in the second conjunct.

Basic gapping leaves at least two contrasting components, while the omitted material includes the predicate and may be longer than one verb. The precise syntactic analysis of more complex cases depends on the construction.

Stripping has one main contrasting remnant. A particle often helps interpretation, but counting words without analysing their roles is insufficient: his younger sister is one constituent even though it has three words.

How to build it

Gapping: subject + gap + remnant · Stripping: one remnant + marker

subject / S: The grammatical subject: who or what the clause is about; the verb agrees with it. In The book was written, the book is the subject, although someone else does the action.

The day warden locks the gates, and the night warden the shutters.

There are two remnants and no marker: this is gapping, and each remnant has a counterpart in the first clause.

The day warden locks the gates, and the night warden too.

One remnant plus too: the night warden now locks the gates specifically, not something else.

The day warden locks the gates, but not the side door.

There is again one remnant; the polarity changes, along with the marker and conjunction.

4. Nothing is inserted: the boundary with substitution

Three related rules in this category describe substitution: so and not replace a whole clause, do a verb phrase, and one and ones a noun phrase. What they share is that a substitute word APPEARS in place of repetition.

In and the museum does too, the auxiliary does remains and the verb phrase is not repeated. This is ellipsis after an auxiliary, not basic stripping. The presence of does does not mean that every word is repeated or that there is no ellipsis.

Examine the structure of the remnant. In and the older one too, one can be part of the noun phrase, so its presence alone does not rule out stripping. A word’s function matters, not whether it appears on a list of prohibited words.

The archive digitises parish records, and the museum does too.

Does remains, while digitise parish records is unspoken. This is ellipsis after an auxiliary, a different pattern for avoiding repetition.

The archive digitises parish records, and the museum too.

The meaning is the same, but there is no verb: only the museum and the marker remain.

Will the copies be ready by noon? I think so.

So replaces a whole clause: this is clausal substitution, covered by a separate rule in the same category.

5. Not can negate an individual constituent

A full negative predicate often needs an auxiliary: does not help. However, not can also negate a phrase within a full sentence: Not Ivan but Marta signed the form. Its position before a noun therefore does not by itself prove ellipsis.

In but not accommodation, the second component of a contrast is negated. For learning purposes, this can be expanded to it does not cover accommodation, but the precise analysis as a reduced clause or coordinated phrases is not determined by not alone.

The conjunction here is almost always but because the relation is contrastive. And not occurs when a list is being clarified rather than contrasted, but but not is the typical choice.

The licence permits recording, but not broadcasting.

Not stands directly before the remnant; the second part contains no verb.

The licence permits recording, but it does not permit broadcasting.

This is the full version of the same meaning: not occupies its ordinary position after auxiliary does.

The kitchen serves lunch, but not breakfast.

The remnant is a direct object contrasting with lunch; the rest of the clause is recovered from the first part.

6. Negative polarity: either replaces too

To add to a negative statement, either is normally used: Marta didn’t sign, and Roman didn’t either. This is a clear pattern with an auxiliary. It does not mean that every shorter negative fragment is impossible in English.

Another possibility is neither or nor with inversion: the auxiliary comes BEFORE the subject. Both alternatives retain a verb, so the reduction is no longer maximal.

For practice, distinguish addition to an affirmative action, with too/as well, addition to a negative one, with didn’t either / neither did…, and a separate contrast with not. The choice depends on the meaning of the whole utterance, not a ban on all negative reductions.

How to build it

Affirmative clause + remnant + too/as well · Negative clause + subject + auxiliary + either · Negative clause + neither + auxiliary + subject

subject / S: The grammatical subject: who or what the clause is about; the verb agrees with it. In The book was written, the book is the subject, although someone else does the action.
clause: A construction with a verb, often with its own subject: when I arrived. A non-finite clause may leave the subject unspoken: to get home.
auxiliary: A helping verb used to form tenses, questions or negatives: do, have, be.

The surgery doesn't take walk-ins, and the pharmacy doesn't either.

Doesn’t either is a clear standard pattern for adding to a negative statement; it retains the auxiliary.

The surgery doesn't take walk-ins, and neither does the pharmacy.

Neither requires inversion: does precedes the subject the pharmacy rather than following it.

The surgery takes referrals, but not walk-ins.

The first clause is affirmative, allowing maximal reduction with not and one remnant.

7. Possible remnants and sources of ambiguity

The remnant can be a single constituent of the clause: a subject, direct object, prepositional phrase, or time or place adverbial. A preposition belonging to the remnant stays with it; without that preposition, the remnant loses its role in the recovered clause.

Brevity can create ambiguity. When the remnant is a noun that can be either an agent or an object, the sentence allows two grammatical readings, neither of which is an error.

Context or a fuller construction can remove ambiguity. Him alone does not guarantee an object interpretation in every short conversational fragment. And so did Roman unambiguously makes Roman the second agent; and the director praised Roman too explicitly makes him an object.

The night train calls at Lviv, and at Ternopil as well.

The preposition at belongs to the remnant and therefore remains; without it, the place-adverbial role is lost.

The director praised Larysa, and Roman too.

The director praised Larysa and also praised Roman. Alternatively, the director praised Larysa, and Roman also praised Larysa.

There are two readings: Roman as a second person praised, or as a second person giving praise. Both are grammatical.

The director praised Larysa, and so did Roman.

There is no ambiguity, but this is no longer reduction to one remnant: auxiliary did remains.

8. Coordination, forward progression and the limits of brevity

The basic examples link parallel parts with and or but. Do not automatically transfer the reduction into every subordinate construction: if the connection is unclear, retain the full clause. The theoretical boundaries of different types of stripping are more complex than a list of conjunctions.

In our pattern, the full clause provides support before the remnant. In conversation, that support may also be in the previous speaker’s turn. This is not a universal prohibition on forward reference in every English construction.

Register: the construction is active in both writing and speech, and in conversation it often forms a separate fragment responding to another speaker. However, when the remnant is long, its role is unclear or the listener cannot see the punctuation, a full clause is easier to understand. Brevity is a tool here, not an end in itself.

Larysa chairs the ethics board, and her deputy too.

Coordinating and permits the reduction; the full clause comes first and the remnant follows it.

The swimming pool closes at nine, but not the sauna.

But permits the reduction just as and does; the remnant functions as a new subject here.

We repaint the railings every spring, and the benches as well.

The written and spoken versions coincide here: the remnant is short and its role is unambiguous.

Common mistakes

Incorrect:Ivan restores antique clocks, and his sister too does restores.

Correct:Ivan restores antique clocks, and his sister too.

If the verb is repeated after does, it must be restore without -s. For the target reduction, and his sister too is enough, without an auxiliary.

Incorrect:The choir tours in June, and the soloist do too.

Correct:The choir tours in June, and the soloist does too.

Soloist refers to one performer, so does is needed. This is ellipsis after an auxiliary; also in a short remnant is not prohibited in itself.

Incorrect:The porter carries the suitcases, but doesn't the crates.

Correct:The porter carries the suitcases, but not the crates.

Doesn’t needs a base verb form, which is absent here. In the reduced conjunct, not expresses negation directly before the remnant, without any auxiliary.

Incorrect:Marta didn't sign the petition, and Roman too.

Correct:Marta didn't sign the petition, and Roman didn't either.

For the meaning ‘Roman also did not sign’, the clear pattern is Roman didn’t either. Too usually adds an affirmative statement; preserve the intended negative polarity.

Incorrect:Marta didn't sign the petition, and neither Roman did.

Correct:Marta didn't sign the petition, and neither did Roman.

Neither requires inversion: the auxiliary comes before the subject, not after it.

Incorrect:The museum reopened on Monday, although the archive too.

Correct:The museum reopened on Monday, although the archive reopened on Monday too.

A full although-clause preserves the original tense and grammatical support. The appropriateness of the concession requires context; replacing although with and would create a different logical relationship.

Incorrect:And her deputy too, Larysa chairs the ethics board.

Correct:Larysa chairs the ethics board, and her deputy too.

In this pattern, the full clause must precede the remnant: a remnant placed first has no established clause from which the omitted content can yet be recovered.

Incorrect:Petro speaks Georgian, and too his wife.

Correct:Petro speaks Georgian, and his wife too.

In this pattern, too follows the remnant: his wife too. Also can precede it, as in and also his wife, or not can do so with a different meaning; this is not a universal ban on an initial particle.

Incorrect:The kitchen serves lunch, but not serves breakfast.

Correct:The kitchen serves lunch, but not breakfast.

In the reduced conjunct, not is followed only by the remnant. Restoring the verb requires the corresponding full-clause structure, with negation supported by does.

Sources

Limits of gapping: preserving a clear parallel structure

1. What are we reconstructing?

Gapping omits a shared predicate from a parallel clause. Remnants are the spoken components, such as an agent and object, that help compare the situations.

In the pattern, S₁ and S₂ are the first and second subjects; V is the shared predicate; O₁ and O₂ are objects. ⌀ marks unspoken material. The numbers identify clauses rather than verb forms.

How to build it

S₁ + V + O₁, and S₂ + ⌀ + O₂

verb / V: A word for an action or state, such as work or be. The pattern determines its form.

The east kiosk sells day passes, and the west kiosk season cards.

Reconstruct sells in the second clause. The west kiosk is another seller; season cards are another product.

2. The relationship between clauses matters

Basic gapping occurs in coordinated parallel clauses, including with and, but or or. Do not mechanically transfer it into a subordinate because or although relationship. For cause or concession, full predicates provide a transparent construction.

The coordinated pair itself can sit within a larger subordinate clause. The restriction concerns the link between the clauses where omission occurs, not the presence of any subordinating conjunction anywhere in the sentence.

The notice says that the main gate closes at eight and the side gate at nine.

Both clauses are inside a that-clause and linked by coordinated and.

Although the roastery blends the espresso, the café blends the filter coffee.

Retain full predicates for this although pattern. Replacing although with and would change concession to simple comparison.

3. First provide an anchor for omission

The ordinary teaching pattern states the verb in the first clause and omits it in the next. The reader already has the material needed to reconstruct it.

This is a basic-gapping pattern, rather than a ban on every English ellipsis with forward reference. Other constructions can have different conditions.

How to build it

complete first clause → parallel reduced clause

clause: A construction with a verb, often with its own subject: when I arrived. A non-finite clause may leave the subject unspoken: to get home.

The first bench holds seedlings, the second cuttings, and the third grafts.

Holds is supplied in the first clause and reconstructed in the following two.

4. Remnants must preserve the intended roles

Choose parallel components for clear comparison: agent ↔ agent, object ↔ object. Reordering remnants can change who does what. It is not always ungrammatical; sometimes it communicates another meaning.

Context and stress can establish contrast. Do not treat every repeated object as automatically ungrammatical. When the intended idea is simply “the second does the same too”, so does… is often clearer.

The morning coach takes the sprinters, and the evening coach the throwers.

Evening coach and throwers retain the agent and object roles.

The archive digitises the maps, and so does the library.

Auxiliary does remains here. This is ellipsis, but another pattern rather than two-remnant gapping.

5. Reconstruct the intended meaning, not a new verb

The omission must allow reconstruction of the shared predicate, including required modal and negative meanings. Do not expect readers to replace it with a different verb themselves.

After wrote, for example, the reduced clause naturally also means wrote. If translated is intended, state it. A grammatical sentence can convey something other than your planned meaning.

The regional office will process the appeals, and the local office the routine forms.

Reconstruct will process in the second clause, not merely process.

The composer wrote the overture, and the librettist the second act.

The second clause means the librettist wrote the second act. To mean translated, state translated explicitly.

6. Do not sacrifice readability for brevity

Long insertions between a predicate and remnants can make reconstruction harder even if the structure is grammatical. Repeat the verb if the reader needs to look back.

For neutral written gapping, keep the clauses in one clearly organised sentence. Detached fragments can work in dialogue or expressive style, so a full stop does not universally forbid every ellipsis pattern.

The night crew seals the crates, and the day crew the pallets.

The shared predicate is close to the second clause, making the comparison easy to read.

The founder endowed the reading room, which had stood empty since the war and needed a new roof, and the trustees endowed the map cabinet.

Repeating endowed after the long insertion makes the second clause’s predicate immediately visible.

7. Checking your own version

First expand the reduced clause: does it recover the intended agent, action, object, time and negation? Then check whether the parallel components are visible without guesswork.

If a required component has no clear anchor, retain the full sentence. Do not add new facts, such as a different weekday, merely for attractive symmetry.

The tutor marks the essays, and the assistant marks them on Fridays.

The full predicate makes roles and timing explicit. No weekday is invented for the tutor’s work.

Common mistakes

Incorrect:Although the roastery blends the espresso, the café the filter coffee.

Correct:Although the roastery blends the espresso, the café blends the filter coffee.

Basic gapping does not mechanically transfer into this although pattern. Repeating blends preserves concession and completes both clauses.

Incorrect:The roastery the espresso, and the café blends the filter coffee.

Correct:The roastery blends the espresso, and the café the filter coffee.

Basic gapping first supplies the full predicate, then omits shared material. This is not a general rule for every other ellipsis type.

Incorrect:The archive digitises the maps, and the plans the library.

Correct:The archive digitises the maps, and the library the plans.

To mean “the library digitises the plans”, use library → plans. The original order gives plans the agent role; the issue is intended meaning rather than a universal ban on reordering.

Incorrect:The tutor marks the essays, and the assistant mark them on Fridays.

Correct:The tutor marks the essays, and the assistant marks them on Fridays.

The assistant is third-person singular, requiring marks. Repeating the predicate produces a complete second clause and explicitly states its schedule.

Sources

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